Riwayat pendidikan ra kartini biography

He contacted the States General on her behalf. Kartini received a scholarship, but many people in her life were concerned about her leaving Java. Kartini, with her husband's support, opened up a school for women in Rembang's Regency Office complex. Following Kartini's death, a foundation was established in the Netherlands to continue Kartini's vision for building and operating schools.

Indonesian women also opened Kartini Schools from and into the s in Java. Women asserted themselves to create productive lives of their own making. In , equal rights for women was written into Indonesia's first constitution. Her sisters continued the legacy of operating schools, including Rockmini. Kardinah also wrote textbooks and established a medical school.

Soematri also focused on vocational education for women. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikisource Wikidata item. Indonesian who advocated for women's rights and female education. For the biographical film, see Kartini film.

Raden Adjeng. Jepara , Dutch East Indies. Rembang , Dutch East Indies. Background [ edit ]. Biography [ edit ]. Early life [ edit ]. Education [ edit ]. Marriage and death [ edit ]. Accomplishments [ edit ]. Letters [ edit ]. East and West [ edit ]. Schools [ edit ]. Legacy and tributes [ edit ]. Audio playback is not supported in your browser.

You can download the audio file. See also [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. Ngasirah memang berstatus sebagai istri pertama. Namun, karena adanya peraturan saat itu yang mewajibkan bupati menikahi perempuan berlatarbelakang bangsawan, RM Sosroningrat menikah lagi dengan Woerjan, seorang keturunan raja Madura. Oleh karena itu, status Ngasirah turun menjadi istri selir garwa ampil dan menghadapi diskriminasi karena bukan keturunan darah biru.

Sebagai selir, Ngasirah tidak berhak tinggal di rumah utama bupati, tetapi tinggal di bagian belakang pendapa. Lahir dari keluarga ningrat Jawa yang mementingkan pengetahuan, RA Kartini mendapat kesempatan mengenyam pendidikan. Namun, Kartini tidak lama menikmati masa-masa sekolahnya. Pasalnya, setelah menyelesaikan pendidikan di ELS pada usia 12 tahun, ia mulai dipingit.

Dari tahun hingga Kartini terkurung, dilarang keluar rumah atau dipingit, tradisi Jawa untuk mengurung para gadis sebelum mereka menikah. Copyright - PT. All Rights Reserved. With help from the Dutch government, in she opened the first Indonesian primary school for native girls that did not discriminate on the basis of their social status. The school was set up inside her father's home, and taught girls a progressive, Western-based curriculum.

To Kartini, the ideal education for a young woman encouraged empowerment and enlightenment. She also promoted their lifelong pursuit of education. To that end, Kartini regularly corresponded with feminist Stella Zeehandelaar as well as numerous Dutch officials with the authority to further the cause of Javanese women's emancipation from oppressive laws and traditions.

Her letters also expressed her Javanese nationalist sentiments. On September 17, , at the age of 25, Kartini died in the regency of Rembang, Java, of complications from giving birth to her first child. Seven years after her death, one of her correspondents, Jacques H. We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us!

At the end of the 20th century, few were aware of the radical effect that the simple act of reading or attending school had on a female child born a century earlier into a traditional Eastern culture. But these are the influences that placed a young Indonesian woman, known as Kartini, at a cultural crossroads that was to help virtually every woman of her country to break away from the rigid rules of their traditional society.

Born on April 21, , in the town of Mayong on the Indonesian island of Java, Kartini was the daughter of wealthy native aristocrats who had prospered under Dutch rule. At the time, Java was the most important and the most heavily settled of the Netherlands' overseas possessions, where spices, rubber, and tobacco were grown for export. The year after Kartini's birth her father, Raden Adipati Sosroningrat, became regent of the area, having worked his way up through the Indonesian ranks of the colonial civil service.

Her paternal grandfather, Pangeran Tjondronegoro, had been a famous regent of Central Java, and the first Javanese aristocrat to have his children educated by a Dutch tutor. His son inherited many of Tjondronegoro's liberal notions but maintained a traditional Indonesian household. Polygamy was an integral part of the old Hindu-Javanese social system, and some members of the aristocracy maintained large retinues of women, though Muslims rarely had more than four wives and sometimes fewer.

Riwayat pendidikan ra kartini biography

Kartini's mother Ngasirah was her father's first, but not his chief, wife. The name of Ngasirah's father included the title haji, which denotes a pilgrim to Mecca and suggests a family of devout Muslims as well as persons of means. Ngasirah was married to Kartini's father at age 14 and gave birth to eight children. According to the traditional family hierarchy, however, the person Kartini referred to as "mother" was her father's second wife, Raden Ayu Sosroningrat, a descendant of another aristocratic house, whose superior status made her the feminine head of the household.

She had three children. Kartini's status came from her father, rather than her mother, and was enhanced by her position as an older child. Rules of etiquette dominated daily life. Younger brothers or sisters, for example, had to pass by Kartini crawling on the ground with heads bowed and could only address her in formal terms while making a sembah putting both hands together and bringing them below the nose after every sentence.

They also had to offer her the best foods at meals. Despite these traditions, Kartini had an unusual opportunity for a girl of her class. Her father allowed her to attend a European-style school up to the age of There, she learned the Dutch language and became an avid reader of European literature. But as she approached puberty, her world was completely changed.

Islamic law , known as Adat, required that Muslim girls be isolated and trained in the skills and traditions of a wife, and Kartini was confined to the home in preparation for a marriage expected to occur around age 15 or For daughters of the wealthy during this period of seclusion, every material desire was met: they ate rich foods, wore beautiful clothes, and were waited on by servants, but they were denied all personal freedom.

Wrote Kartini:. I was locked up at home, and cut off from all communication with the outside world, whereto I would never be allowed to return except at the side of a husband, a stranger, chosen for us by our parents, and to whom we are married without really knowing about it. European friends—this I heard later—had tried every possible way to dissuade my parents from this cruel course for me, a young and spirited child, but they were unable to do anything.

My parents were inexorable; I went to my prison. I spent four long years between four thick walls, without once seeing the outside world. Kartini's early educational experience had given her both cultural insight and fluency in Dutch. She loved school and was a brilliant student, although she became painfully aware that Europeans regarded Indonesians as inferior.

Later she wrote, "It was hard for many teachers to give a Javanese child the highest mark, no matter how well deserved. Although Kartini's brothers attended secondary school in Semarang, and her outstanding abilities led several Europeans to encourage her father to allow her to pursue a secondary education, the liberal leanings of Adipati Sosroningrat did not go far enough for him to allow his daughters to escape the traditional period of seclusion before marriage.

From age 12 to 16, Kartini lived entirely within the family's large walled compound, learning the skills which would be required of her as a wife—household duties, preparation for festivals and ceremonies, and the Indonesian art of batiking, or painting and dyeing waxed cloth. Along with the practical lessons came restrictions in physical movement and emotions, meant to curtail youthful exuberance and prepare the young girl for submission to the will of her future husband, creating a certain type of woman Kartini later described:.

Forced to confront inequalities sanctified by tradition, Kartini rejected those she could. Denying the idea of her own superior status among her siblings and others, she insisted that she be approached equally by everyone, just as she expected to approach others equally. She also perceived that women themselves often perpetuated many inequities by teaching young boys to hold women in contempt.

Hearing the way older women spoke of young girls, she longed for the chance to prove that women were human beings just the same as men. It will be a tremendous satisfaction to me when the parents of other young women who also want to fend for themselves will no longer be able to say, "no one of our community has done that yet. Although Adipati Sosroningrat insisted on his daughter's seclusion, he was a loving father, and no bully.

He allowed her to continue reading the books she loved and continued to reach for a compromise between the Western influences that had invaded his personal life and the only culture he knew. Kartini maintained a tender affection for him and wrote, "Father has borne so patiently with all my caprices; I have never heard a harsh or bitter word from his lips.