President of indonesia biography of alberta

It was only in , when the political tide began to turn against Sukarno that the MPRS nominally regained its rightful constitutional status. In , Sukarno was forced to resign as president, and Army Chief of Staff Suharto was appointed as acting president. Suharto was elected president in his own right in During his rise to power, Suharto seemed determined to observe at least the forms of the constitution, and this continued when he became president.

Suharto also made it a presidential obligation to deliver accountability speeches near the end of his terms. During the speech, Suharto outlined the achievements that his administration had made and how those achievements had adhered to the GBHN set by the MPR. In , a law was passed that required appointments to the MPR to be made official by the president.

For example, he had the power to issue governmental regulations in lieu of law. Nominally, if these regulations were not approved by the House of Representatives DPR, the pre legislative branch , they were considered revoked.

President of indonesia biography of alberta

However, given the DPR's infrequent sessions and the near-total dominance of the pro-government political grouping, Golkar , such approval was a mere formality. Thus, for all intents and purposes, Suharto ruled by decree for most of his tenure. For the better part of Suharto's rule, he effectively held all governing power in the nation.

After Suharto fell from power on 21 May , the presidency experienced changes as a result of the reform movement. Compared to Suharto, who had all of his accountability speeches accepted, B. Habibie had his only accountability speech rejected. As a result, Wahid was also the first president to be elected through counting votes instead of by acclamation.

However, Wahid was impeached and removed from office by the MPR. This was a clear sign that while the presidency is the key institution, the MPR checked president's power. Wahid was replaced by his vice-president, Megawati Sukarnoputri , daughter of Sukarno and former opposition leader during Suharto's presidency. During the MPR Annual Session, the president would directly be elected by the population beginning with For example, the president was limited to two terms, whether successive or separated.

They also lost the right to legislate, but could propose legislation. In the Indonesian presidential election , Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono became Indonesia's first directly-elected president, beating incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in the run-off election. He was re-elected in In , Yudhoyono finished his second presidential term and was barred from seeking re-election.

The Indonesian presidential election was held on 9 July and matched former general and Suharto's ex-son in law Prabowo Subianto against the governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo. He and his vice-president, Jusuf Kalla , were sworn in on 20 October for a five-year term. The Amended Constitution : The presidential candidate has to be an Indonesian citizen since their birth, who has not willingly become a citizen in another nation, has not betrayed the nation, and is physically and mentally capable of performing the duties.

The amended constitution also states that further criteria will be determined by laws. The president is also required to be nominated by a political party or a coalition of political parties. The Amended Constitution : Together with the vice president, the president is elected directly by the people on a single ticket. Further election rules are determined by laws passed by the DPR.

The president-elect is required to read either an oath or a promise of office before officially becoming president. The term of office is five years and after that the president can be re-elected for only one more term, whether successive or separated. In the event that no ticket wins an outright victory, a runoff is held between the two tickets with the first and second most votes in the first round, with the ticket that receives the most votes elected as President and Vice President.

Before entering their office, the president or vice-president must take an oath or affirmation in the session of the People's Consultative Assembly MPR. If the DPR cannot hold a session, the oath or affirmation is made before the leadership of the MPR in the presence of the leadership of the Supreme Court. Law No. Former presidents are also entitled to a house, with electricity, water, and telephone bills covered by the government.

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The inauguration of the new president does not take place until October. There will be many months of intense negotiations to decide what kind of government Mr Prabowo will form. He will need to persuade other parties to back him in order to have a working majority in parliament to get laws passed, which means offering inducements in the form of cabinet positions.

Some of those parties supported rival presidential candidates. This smoothed away political conflict and allowed him to push through his ambitious infrastructure projects, but it also created what some have called "opposition-less politics", where no-one challenged the government's agenda. Will Mr Prabowo, a less compliant leader, try the same "big tent" approach to governing?

And what kind of relationship will he have with Megawati Sukarnoputri, the grande dame of Indonesian politics and leader of the largest party, the PDIP? The PDIP was President Jokowi's main parliamentary sponsor during his 10 years in office, and was shocked by his switch to the Prabowo camp last year, causing a lot of ill-feeling.

A lot depends on whether Ms Megawati is ready to be in opposition, whether she can be induced to bury the hatchet and join the ruling coalition, and whether Mr Prabowo wants that. There are questions too over the future relationship between Mr Prabowo and President Jokowi. Pancasila national ideology Constitution Law. Cabinet Governor Regent or mayor.

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During this time, the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia , led by Sjafruddin Prawiranegara , acted as the country's government-in-exile until 13 July As a result, Sukarno's term in office actually had days less. This figure includes his term as the president of the United States of Indonesia 27 December — 15 August ; days , which was coterminous with Assaat being president of the constituent Republic of Indonesia.

See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. The New York Times. Indonesia articles. Outline Index. Leaders of Southeast Asian countries. Laos Myanmar Vietnam. Categories : Presidents of Indonesia Lists of national presidents Lists of people by time in office Lists of political office-holders in Indonesia. Toggle the table of contents. List of presidents of Indonesia.

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