Imam musa al sadr biography of christopher

These contributions will be analyzed in terms of their impact on the Shi'i community in Lebanon, the Lebanese people regardless of their religious and political affiliations, and the region the Middle East as a whole. The dissertation will also discuss Imam Musa's contributions as a social and religious reformer. I will look at Imam Musa's life until his disappearance in Imam Musa's disappearance will be discussed in terms of the fate and future of the Shi' i community in Lebanon, and its relations with Libya.

At least three books were written abut Imam Musa's disappearance and I would highly recommend to anyone who is interested in the details and theories given for it, to read the books and make up their mind as to what really happened and why. These books offer very detailed information as to the various events that led to Imam Musa's disappearance.

They also offer various theories as to who could be behind such an act and why there wasn't much of a world reaction to it. It seems like everyone in the world had a part in and benefited from Imam Musa's disappearance. Maybe this is why no one has been able to explain it and locate Imam Musa and his two companions. But perhaps the most important purpose of this dissertation is to introduce Imam Musa to the West.

The West and the world in general are not usually informed about the Arab and Muslim world in positive terms. They are usually informed about the "radical" and "fundamental" groups that sprout in the region over the years and the "terrorist acts they carry out "against" the West. Imam Musa had been an obscure religious leader in the small, politically and economically unimportant, Lebanon.

Unfortunately Imam Musa was introduced to the world only after his disappearance in Libya. But even with the books written about his life and disappearance, I am confident that very few westerners have read about him and learned about his contributions. Nowadays, the West and the world are bombarded with negative press about the Middle East, Islam and Muslims in general.

Imam Musa was a product of the Middle East and of Islam. This is not to say that Imam Musa was the only Muslim thinker to come out of the Middle East and the Muslim world, to contribute positively to the world. He is one of many who had devoted their lives and continue to work to make this world a better place to live in for all humans, no matter what religion they belong to.

Some of these books were written in English while others were in Arabic. This is probably the most detailed book written about the life of Imam Musa alSadr. He looked at both the personal, political and religious aspects of Imam Musa's life. He also discussed the history of the Shi'i community in Lebanon focusing on their political and socio-economic situation at the time of Imam Musa's arrival to Lebanon.

In his opinion. Imam Musa reinterepreted Shi'ism and gave it a new understanding. Imam Musa used religius occasions not to cry and lament the history and life the Shi'ah lived and continue to live. He used them as rallying points and a way to remind his followers that the sacrifices made by the ancestors were not for them to just remember and cry about in groups, but rather, they were to move them into action and to change the situation they were living in.

This view went against the traditional understanding of Islam in Muslim countries at that time. He also went into some of the events that took place after Imam Musa's disappearance and the Libyan role in such events, but he did not offer any definitive theory as to who was behind the disappearance. Finally, Dr. In the eighties, the Shi'ah would play a major role in the Lebanese civil war and would emrge as a power to reckon with.

This book was published about ten years after the disappearance of Imam Musa al-Sadr. It contains a detailed account of the events leading to Imam Musa's disappearance in Libya and the political atmosphere in the region and how it could have played a role in the Imam's disappearance. It also contains a step-by-step account of the last few days before the Imam went to Libya and the last days of Imam Musa's life in Libya and some theories as to who could have done it and why.

The book is divided into thirteen sections. The fist three sections summarize the events that led to the disappearance of Imam Musa and his two companions, a brief history of the Shi'ah in the Middle East and Lebanon, and Imam Musa's family background and the events that led to his coming to Lebanon. Sections three through six are a detailed account of the events leading to Imam Musa's disappearance from the moment he received the invitation to visit Libya to the point when no else heard from him.

These sections also discuss the first attempts made by the Shi' i leaders in Lebanon and Iran to ask Libya to account for the whereabouts of the Imam. In section seven, Theroux called Imam's disappearance the strangest event in history. He also discussed the statements made by hotel employees in Italy and Libya as to what they had seen or heard about Imam Musa and his two companions.

The Italian and Lebanese governments had come to the conclusion that three imposters had traveled using the falsified passports and paperwork of the Imam and his companions. The imposters had just disappeared into thin air after managing to enter Italian soil. Sections eight through eleven discussed "Iranian Intrigues" and the possibility of the Iranians being behind the Imam's disappearance.

The relationship between Libya, Iran and Syria is also discussed in terms of their common stand against Israel and the West and how they needed one another's support. They could not push each other on the case of Imam Musa, even though they all condemned what had happened and vowed to help with the investigations. The Palestinians wanted to get rid of Imam Musa because he became a liability and a threat to their power base in Lebanon and the Syrians wanted to get rid of him because he became very powerful and they wanted Lebanon to continue being dependent on it for security.

The Libyans wanted him out of the way because they anted to fulfill their dreams of settling the Palestinians in South Lebanon in order for them to fight the Israelis. For the Libyans, Imam Musa was a strong voice of opposition and thireatened their influence and power base in Lebanon. The Iranians wanted to get him out of the picture because he became very vocal about his opposition to the Shah.

The Israelis wanted him eliminated because he was a staunch supporter of the FLO and the Palestinian cause and he always said the "Israel was the ultimate evil. This book deals mainly with the Shi'i community in Lebanon and the changes it went through throughout its history in Lebanon and during the time of Imam Musa al-Sadr. Norton looked at the sources and the meaning of change within the Shi' i community from until the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in He looked at the Shi'ah in Lebanon in terms of their political, social and economic status within the Lebanese community and the changes they went through as a result of the political and social mobilization initiated by Imam Musa.

But perhaps the most improtant development was the creation of the AMAL Afwaj al-Muqawamah al-Lubnaniyyah movement, which ushered in a new era for the Shi' ah in Lebanon, an era of military power they never had before. Norton then discussed the sensitive yet very explosive relationsip between the Shi' ah and the Palesitnians in Lebanon and especially South Lebanon.

He looked at the Palestinian actions against Israel and the retaliation agaisnt the Lebanese by the Israelis and how they damaged the "Natural Alliance" between the two communities. The Israeli invasions of and and the numerous incursions and raids by Israeli fighter planes were shown to have completely destroyed the relationship between the Shi' ah and the Palestinians.

The Palestinian military gorups were removed from South Lebanon and the AMAL movement filled the military and political vacuum that was created. According to Norton this caused some divisions betweent he Shi'i leadership since the various groups started fighting fro power. AMAL would surface as the largest Shi' i politcal and military group with the Hizbullah as the second largest and a few smallet splinter groups in Beirut and the Biqa'.

In one of the chapters, Norton looked at the squandered opportunity the Israelis had while in Lebanon to establish working relationships with the Muslim community and especially the Shi'ah in South Lebanon. The Israelis did not take advantage of the opportunity and allied themselves mainly with the Christians Maronites , who in turn committed the Sabra and Shattila refugee camps massacres in during which thousands of Palestinian and Shi'ah civilians were killed.

The Israelis established a ten-kilometer security zone inside South Lebanon and manned it with Christian militiamen and forced local men to become members of what is known as the South Lebanon Army SLA. In the end of his book, Norton provided a translation of the charter of the AMAL movement and an open letter from Hizbullah to all the oppressed and disinherited in Lebanon and the world.

The Chater and the open letter basically discussed the ideological beliefs of the two roganizations and the path they were to use in their attempt to provide leadership and support to their masses. Both addressed the issue of Zionism and its danger to the Arabs, Muslims and the world in general, but the Hizbullah letter demanded that Israel be wiped out.

This book is probably the most recent detailed depiction and presentation of the Shi'i community in Lebanon that I have found and read so far. Halawi provided a very detailed description of the history of the Shi' ah in Lebanon. His discussion of the history of the Shi'ah starts with the era of the Prophet mpbuh and the events that led to the establishment of the Shi'i sect in Islam.

He went into a very detailed explanation of the straggles and tribulations the Shi'ah lived through in Lebanon under the various Muslim dynasties and mlers that ruled the region until the French Mandate in He also discussed the mass immigration to Africa and the Arab Gulf countries that resulted. He also discussed the confessional system of politics in Lebanon based on the constitution drafted by and with the support of the Frensh mandatory authority, and how the Shi'i community fared in it.

Towards the end of his book, Halawi looked at the events leading to Imam Musa's coming to Lebanon and his work in the political and social mobilization of its Shi'i community. He also looked at the events leading to the tenth of Muharram 'Ashura' and the way Imam Musa used these events and their aftermath as a way to encourage the disinherited and downtrodden to follow in the path of the martyrs in search of truth and jusitce.

In the conclusion, Halawi looked at the aftermath of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon and the Islamic revolution in Iran. He discussed the aftermath of Imam Musa al-Sadr's disappearance in Libya in and the political atmosphere in the Middle East at the time. He also discussed the major changes that took place within the Shi'i community in Lebanon, and the Tai'f Agreement between the various warring and religious communities in Lebanon, which led to the end of the Lebanese civil war and opened a new page in the political and social history of Lebanon and the Lebanese.

This book was designed to be a compilation of the interviews Adil Rida made with Imam Musa al-Sadr discussing the various Lebanese and Arabic issues. Rida discussed the fact that he was looking forward to meeting Imam Musa after their initial meeting in as he Imam Musa became a well-known Lebanese political figure and Muslim leader in the region. The book was divided into two sections.

Section one dealt with the interview Adil Rida had with Imam Musa and the second section dealt with the disappearance of Imam Musa and his companions. Rida's first and only interview with Imam Musa concentrated on the Lebanese war and its consequences on the relationship between Christians and Muslims in the region. South Lebanon as the spark that will lead to the fifth Arab-Israeli war, the plans to divide Lebanon into sectarian entities, Israel's benefits from the Lebanese civil war, and the destruction of Lebanon's unique community as a result of the civil war.

He discussed Imam Musa's belief that Israel was interested in the water and land of South Lebanon and that it was ready to annex it. He also discussed the situation under which the Shi'ah in South Lebanon were living and that it reached an intolerable point. Imam Musa informed Rida that the situation in South Lebanon was a result of the lack of determination and unity of the Arabs, and that if anything happens to South Lebanon, the Arabs would be responsible for the suffering and humiliation that would follow.

Adil Rida dedicated the second half of his book to discussing the disappearance of Imam Musa and his companions. This section was divided into the following subsections: The reasons behind the Imam's disappearance, the actions and statements made by regional and world leaders to find the Imam, the intelligence reports from the Lebanese and Italian authorities, the aftermath of his diappearance, and new evidence in the conspiracy that led to the Imam's disappearance.

Rida looked at the possible reasons for Imam Musa's disappearance by discussing his political, religious and social activities in Lebanon and the region; the Lebanese civil war; the crisis between Syria and the Palestinians; and the Libyan role in the crisis in Lebanon and his relationship with the Imam, the Palestinians and the Syrians; and the revolution in Iran.

He discussed the deveopments leading to Imam Musa's disappearance and its aftermath almost on a daily basis from September 6, until October 15, At the end of his book, he presented new evidence regarding the Imam's disappearance. Yasser Arafat, leader of the PLO accused Qaddafi of kidnapping and killing Imam Musa after a falling-out between the two leaders in Rida, p.

Billy Carter, brother of then American president Jimmy Carter and a business partner of Qaddafi, is said to have planned to convince Iran to release the American hostages in return for his help in asking Qaddafi to release Imam Musa and his companions. Rida, page In the back of his book, Rida published copies of the reports, letters and articles dealing with Imam Musa's disappearance.

He concluded by hoping that Imam Musa would return in good health and that he would finish his interviews and write the book he had planned to publish with the help of the Imam. This book is a detailed account of the history of Jabal 'Amil and its inhabitants mostly Shi'ah , the political leadership of the region, the religious leadership, the young population, the peasants, and the immigrants.

Mughniyyah also discussed the concept of Ahl al-Bayt as it relates to the Shi'ah; Shi'ism in general and the Twelver Shi'ah in specific; and the role of Zainab, sister of Imam Husain in Karbala' during ' Ashura'. Mughniyyah looked at the situation under which the Shi'ah of Jabal Amil lived, their marginalization and the lack of support from the Lebanese government.

He also criticized the Shi'i political leadership and accused them of neglecting their constituency. Then he looked at the phenomenon of immigration by Shi'i young men to Africa and the Arab Gulf states in search of work. He also discussed the importance of maintaining the agricultural base of South Lebanon. Shi' ism and its beliefs were discussed from the point of view of the twelver Shi' ah and how these beliefs encompass every aspect of their daily lives.

He finally discussed the events leading to the birth and naming of Zaynab. It is said that the angel Gabriel told the Prophet that God wanted her to be named Zaynab. He also discussed the role of Zaynab, sister of Imam Husain, during ' Ashura' in Karbala', and how she stood up to the Umayyads and kept her brother's memory in the minds of his followers and followed his path in terms of fighting for the return to the basics set by the Prophet mpbuh and his companions.

This book was written by Imam Musa's brother-in-law Rabab alSadr's husband. It looked at the three stages of Imam Musa's life starting with his life and work in Iran, going through his time in al-Najaf, Iraq and the final stage of his life in Lebanon. The Iranian stage is discussed by means of inteviews Mr. Sharaf al-Din made with Imam Musa's sisters who live in Iran; his mother, who still resides in Qum, Iran; and a few Iranian religious and academic colleagues who knew the Imam and interacted with him throughout his stay in Iran and kept in touch with him after he went to Iraq and Lebanon.

His family remembered him as a caring and loving man who always kept in touch with them. His colleagues remembered him as a very enthusiastic and religious man who would do anything and everything for his friends, country and Islam. He remembered Imam Musa as playing a major role in the Islamic revolution in Iran and the drive to unite the Muslim voice around the world.

Both were classmates of Imam Musa in al-Najaf and remembered him to be a very strong student who was involved in every aspect of his religious studies. The Iraqi phase was the shortest in duration. The Lebanese phase looked at his coming to Lebanon and assuming the leadership of the Shi'i community there; the plan he devised to change the life of the Shi'i community in Lebanon; an overview of some of his accomplishments; his work in bridging the gap between the Sunnis and the Shi'ah; and his disppearance in In the back of his book, Mr.

Sharaf al-Din provided a snapshot of Imam Musa's personal information and a family tree of the rich hasab and nasab family background and blood relationships of the Imam. Qubaisi was a fi"iend and associate of Imam Musa. It discussed Imam Musa's family background, his education, accomplishments, coming to Lebanon and an overview of some of the writings of Imam Musa.

Qubaisi also wrote about where the Shi'ah are found around the world and in what concentrations. Qubaisi briefly discussed many areas dealing with Imam Musa's accomplishments in Lebanon in the majority of his book. Quabisi discussed the events leading to Imam Musa's two visits to Libya and his eventual disappearance in some detail. He also looked at some of the things that were said about Imam Musa by political, religious and social leaders in Lebanon in the aftermath of his disappearance.

These individuals included Iranian friends and colleagues, Lebanese Sunnis, Christian and Shi' i political and religious leaders. He concluded his book by providing some information about Imam Musa's successor as the leader of the AMAL Movement militia , Nabih Barn, who is now the speaker of the Lebanese parliament, and the many projects and accomplishments he provided for the Shi'i community.

This book is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter looks at some statistics on Shi' ism looking at where Shi'ah are found around the world but also explains the fact that it is hard to find accurate numbers on any Muslim community in the world, since most of them do not conduct censuses. This chapter also looks briefly at the doctrinal charcteristics of the Shi'ah, their practices and their belief in the power of martyrdom and paradise.

The second chapter discusses the holy family, the family of the Prophet. This family includes Fatima, daughter of the prophet, 'Ali, son-in-law and cousin of the Prophet, and their offsprings. According to the Shi'ah, they are the rightful successors of the Prophet. This chapter also looks at the crisis that came about after the death of the Prophet and how ' Ali had to wait 25 years before he became caliph of the Muslims.

His appointment was opposed by the Umayyads and their supporters who fought him and his sons, Hasan and Husain. Husain's assassination at the hands of the Umayyads at Karbala' became the battle cry of the Shi'ah around the world and brought the Shi'i sect into existance. Chapter three looked at Sufism and the Shi'ah. According to the information in this book, Sufism started as a Sunni phenomenon, but later became associated with Shi' i Islam because of their mystical beliefs and practices.

It also discussed the two new trends in Shi'ism, the Heideggerian movement which blames the West for reducing the divine to discursive rationality which will lead to nihilism. The second trend is Islamic esotericism. Leaders of these treands are mostly welleducated individuals in both Islamic and "modem" education. The leaders of both 'religions' were Iranians.

Both are considered to be counter the strict practies of the Islamic revolution in Iran and promote a more open and universal religion. Chapter four looked at the fact that Shi' ism is strongly linked to Iran. According to the author, whenever one thinks of the Shi'ah, they automatically think of Iran. But the author reminds us that Shi'ism is not an Iranian version of Islam and that its leaders were ail Arabs and lived and died in Arab lands.

The "conversion" of Iran to Shi'ism was more a political move than a religious one, mostly related to the Arab-Persian historical conflict. Later in this chapter, the place of the clergy and their role as guides and teachers to the community are discussed.

Imam musa al sadr biography of christopher

It also discussed the fact that the religious thinkers and leaders, the ulema, are in a constant struggle with the secular governments as they try to define their role within the Muslim community. Some Shi'i 'ulama' have opted for a more liberal role for the clergy, while the majority of Sunni and Shi'i clergy have stressed the need for strict adherence to the traditional tachings and practices of Islam.

Finally, chapter four at the concept of mourning and the Shi'ah. The author sees mourning as the most moving aspect of Iranian Shi'ism. He reminds the reader that Christians and Sunni Muslims revere and celebrate martyrs, but that the Shi'ah take it to an extreme and make it an integral part of their religious pratice and beliefs. Richard discusses ' Ashura' the commemoration of the ten days of suffering and torture experienced by Imam Husain and his family and followers and the hands of the Umayyads ceremonies in great detail.

The author looks at the various countries and regions where the Shi' ah are found, their numbers, political power and relations with the Sunnis among whom they live. He also discussed the fact that eventhough the Sh'iah make up the majority of the population in Iraq, Lebanon and some gulf countries, they are mainly ruled by Sunni governments.

The author then discussed the fact that the Sh' iah in these countries have, since the Islamic revolution in Iran, become more politicized and are demanding a larger role in their countries and their future. He then discussed the Leabnese Shi' i groups, the AMAL movement and the Hizbullah and their rise to power in Lebanon and their influence on the region.

He also looks at the Afghani Shi' i minority whose militias played a role during the war against the Soviets and now are involved in the internal war between the various Afghani groups vying for power within Afghanistan. The auhtor pointed out the fact that Iran is a major supporter of and contributor to these groups. Chapter six discussed women, Shi' ism and the concept of pleasure.

Unlike Sumii Muslims, the Shi'ah believe in the concept of marriage for pleasure zawaj al-mut ah which is also known as temporary marriage. This marriage has its criteria and is allowed only under special circumstances. The author informs us that such practice is mainly done in Iran, but that it is accepted by Shi'ah all over the world.

He then recounted some stories of how such a practice came into existance and how Sunnis and Shi'ah came to disagree over its religious legality and authenticity. He then compared the beliefs between he sexes according to Chritians and Muslims. The last chapter looked at the explanations of the Iranian revolution. The author offered two "simplistic explanations.

According to him, the Iranian revolution was a result of the classic political mobilization hijacked by a better-prepared social category the clergy ; or according to the elitist view, it is a result of the clergy and their agents' "awakening the consciousness" of the masses, since they were more educated and aware of the dangers facing their country.

Then the author discussed the first Iranian government to rule after the revolution and the failure it met as its leader's ideology ran counter to that of the clerics who were in control of the masses and the governmental bodies in the country. Finally, the author looked at the relation between the Sunnis and the Shi'ah after the Islamic revolution in Iran.

He informs the reader that 'twelver Shi'ah', who are the majority of the Shi'ah in the world are more willing than their minority counterparts to open a dialogue with the Sunnis in an attempt to forge a closer relationship and better understanding between them. He also told us that some Sunnis, such as Hanafis and Shafi'is, are more wiling to open a dialogue with the Shi'ah than are the Hanbalis and Wahabis.

This book is divided into three sections. Section two gives a detailed description of the ' Ashura' ritual. The author discussed its origins and gives some European reports about the ritual from the times of the Safavid Dynasty in Iran Then the author looks at the ten days of'Ashura' and discussed in details what occured on each day, from the massing of the opposing armies, to the daily massacring of the family and followers of Imam Husain, climaxing with the torture and beheading of Imam Husain.

He informed the reader that in countries such as Iran, Iraq and Lebanon, the commemoration of the ' Ashura' became a social event and in many cases it is organized, fiinded and coordinated by municipal associations. The events of'Ashura' are enacted in emotional public plays complete with tents, traditional dress, swords and bows and arrows. Perhaps one of the unique aspects of the "Ashura' ritual is the chest beating and flagellation performed by the participants, both in the play and the audience.

The author informs the reader about some accounts of chest beatings dating back to European ambassadors to the Ottoman Empire. The author pointed out the fact that Christians perform similar acts as they commemorate the suffering and crucifiction of Christ. In many occasions, men lose consciousness and are taken to hospitals for treatment as a result of excessive loss of blood due to the beatings and flagellations.

Some clerics in Iran, Iraq and Lebanon do not fiilly agree with the ritual of chest beatings and flagellation, but it is still widely practiced in countries where the Shi'ah are numerous enough and capable of publicly commemorating 'Ashura'. This section also looks a the foundation of Shi'i Law, the "Four Books. Then the author goes into the basis used by the Shi' ah to justify the authority of the Mullahs, the conept oiMarja" al-Taqlid and who are the main sources of emulation among the Shi'ah.

He finally looks at the struggle against Westernization which is not just a problem that the Shi'ah deal with and attack , the Islamic revolution in Iran and the role of the leader of the revolution in guiding his peole towards the right path and fighting evil. This book is divided into three parts. Part one looks at the pre-islamic Middle East and divides the region into Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean Middle East.

Part two looks at the situation of women during the rise of Islam, the transitional age between pre- and post-Islam and the discourses as they relate to women in Muslim society. Part two finally looks at medieval Islam. Leila Ahmad focused her research on Egypt, Turkey and Syria during the Ottoman era mainly fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries.

Finally, part three focuses on the new discourses: social and intellectual changes within Muslim societies, the veil, and feminism. It also looks at the struggle for the future of the role of women in Muslim societies in a world that is changing dramatically around them. According to Leila Ahmad some Muslim societies have become aware of the changing world around them and have given women the opportunity to play a more active role.

She points out to the women in Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Lebanon, as examples of how things are changing for women in the Middle East in general and the Muslim world in specific. But according to Ms. Ahamd much is still needed to educate the govemmentss and societies in the region to accept the fact that women are are and can be a major force for progress and development of society.

In her opinion, women will need to play a vital role in the daily life of Middle Eastern and Muslim societies if they are to move forward and progress. It will include information about its history in Lebanon, which goes back to the times of the Umayyads. It will also present information on its numbers, areas of concentration and its political, economic and social status within the Lebanese population.

This is important because it will draw a wider picture of the very complex and challenging situation the Imam inherited when he accepted the position of leader of the Shi'i community. The second chapter will be about the life of Imam Musa. These activities resulted in many achievements such as empowering women with a more active in social development work.

This started with the establishment of literacy courses, the abolishment of beggary in Tyre and its environs through a project which includes health and social care programs, the establishment of the charity fund and the vocational school in Jabal Amel. The Imam appointed Dr. He hoped that this would reflect on the development of work methodologies in charity, social and religious institutions.

In His meetings in the Vatican, he exposed the suffering the Iranian people and religious scholars under the rule of the Shah. This forum, presided over by Mr. Michael Asmar, was attended by many intellectuals and scholars, in addition to social and political celebrities from all the Lebanese sects. August: He held a press conference in the Press Syndicate to cite the reasons necessitating the organization of the Shia sect.

This was preceded by studies and consultations which led the parliament to approve the law for the establishment of the Supreme Islamic Shia Council in Imam As-Sadr travelled to western Africa to meet with the Lebanese community, aiming at linking them to their homelands. He announced the work program of the council, and called for the unification of religious rituals between all Muslim sects.

He also warned from the mounting Israeli threats, and stressed his support for the Palestinian resistance to free the occupied lands. June 2nd On another note, he stated that the many sects of Lebanon are windows of culture to the entire world. He launched a media campaign to defend south Lebanon against Israeli aggression. He called for arming the citizens and training them for defense.

He also called for the activation of the conscription laws and the implementation of development projects. And finally, he called the people to stand their ground in their villages, and not to migrate from them. Ramadan also named three officials who he believes were responsible for the death of Sadr. The plane was flown by Houni's cousin, Najieddine Yazigi, who was later murdered to preserve the secret.

In , Muqtada al-Sadr , the cousin of Musa Sadr and leader of the Sadrist Movement in Iraq, announced that a committee has been formed to investigate the fate of Musa Sadr. Imam Musa Sadr is still regarded as an important political and spiritual leader by the Shia Lebanese community. His status only grew after his disappearance in August , and today his legacy is revered by both Amal and Hezbollah followers.

According to Professor Seyyed Hossein Nasr , [ 58 ]. His great political influence and fame was enough for people to not consider his philosophical attitude, although he was a well-trained follower of long living intellectual tradition of Islamic Philosophy. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools.

Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. Iranian-born Lebanese imam — Sayyid Imam. Sadr al-Din Sadr father. Cleric politician. Military activities. Early life and education [ edit ]. Family background [ edit ]. Main article: Al-Sadr family. Early life [ edit ]. In Iraq [ edit ]. Return to Iran [ edit ].

Departure to Lebanon [ edit ]. Personal life [ edit ]. Charisma [ edit ]. Disappearance [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ]. Works [ edit ]. Institutions [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Encyclopedia of Islam. Ya Libnan. Retrieved 4 March ISBN Historical Dictionary of Lebanon. Middle Eastern Studies. Fink The importance of conspiracy theory in extremist ideology and propaganda PhD thesis.

Leiden University. Amal and the Shi'a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon. Austin: University of Texas Press. Retrieved 3 December Random House. Retrieved 26 May Cultures Without Borders. Author House. History Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Musa al-Sadr. Musa al-Sadr gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia.

More From encyclopedia. About this article Musa al-Sadr Updated About encyclopedia. Mus musculus. Murzina, Elena —. Murtinho, Joaquim Duarte — Murthy, N. Murtfeldt, Mary — Murtaugh, James —. Murta, Hon. Jack Burnett, P. Murstein, Bernard I rving Murska, lima di. Mursell, James L ockhart. Murschhauser, Franz Xaver Anton. Murry, Katherine Middleton.

Musa Dagh. Musa Mansa. Musa Muragha, Saeid Abu Musa. Musa textilis. Musa, Gilda — Musa, Said —. Musama Disco Christo. Musante, Tony —. Musar Haskel. Musar Movement. Musard, Philippe.