Referat kim jong il biography

This wealth was thought to come from a combination of state resources, control over North Korea's economy, and illicit activities including drug trafficking and counterfeiting. The economic policies implemented under Kim Jong Il, particularly the military-first policy, prioritized funding for the military at the expense of the populace's welfare.

Nevertheless, this focus on military might enabled Kim to maintain a tight grip on power while funneling resources towards his own lavish lifestyle. His regime also benefitted from a cult of personality that not only celebrated his leadership but created a system in which state assets and resources were used to enhance his image and support various personal projects, including his passion for film and the arts.

Kim Jong Il was officially reported to be born on February 16, However, there is some controversy surrounding his exact birth date and location, with other sources indicating he may have been born a year earlier in the former Soviet Union. Kim Jong Il's early education reportedly took place in Pyongyang, but many scholars believe he spent part of this time in China due to the Korean War.

He was politically active during his schooling and showed interests in various subjects such as agriculture, music, and mechanics. Kim Jong Il began his political career by joining the Workers' Party in He held various positions and oversaw key departments, leading to his control over the party and military, ultimately succeeding his father, Kim Il Sung, following his death in During his rule, Kim Jong Il implemented the Military First policy, prioritizing military resources amid economic struggles.

He also developed a personality cult around himself similar to his father's, reinforcing his control over North Korean society. Kim Jong Il's regime acknowledged having produced nuclear weapons, stating these were necessary for national security. This led to significant tensions with international powers, especially during the early s, prompting multilateral negotiations over North Korea's nuclear ambitions.

As Kim Jong Il aged, there were numerous reports about his declining health, including speculation of a stroke in His health became a matter of concern for both domestic and international observers, especially due to his volatile rule and the lack of a clear succession plan. Kim Jong Il died on December 17, , from a heart attack while traveling by train.

His death resulted in nationwide mourning in North Korea, and he was succeeded by his son, Kim Jong Un. We assure our audience that we will remove any contents that are not accurate or according to formal reports and queries if they are justified. Kim kept both the relationship and the child a secret even from his father until he ascended to power in Kim's official wife, Kim Young Sook , was the daughter of a high-ranking military official.

His father Kim Il Sung handpicked her to marry his son. Kim had a daughter from this marriage, Kim Sol Song born She had taken over the role of First Lady until her death — reportedly of cancer — in After Ko's death, Kim lived with Kim Ok , his third mistress, who had served as his personal secretary since the s. She "virtually act[ed] as North Korea's first lady" and frequently accompanied Kim on his visits to military bases and in meetings with visiting foreign dignitaries.

She traveled with Kim on a secretive trip to China in January , where she was received by Chinese officials as Kim's wife. As he explains, their roles were limited to that of romance and domesticity. He had a younger sister, Kim Kyong Hui. She was married to Jang Sung Taek , who was executed in December in Pyongyang , after being charged with treason and corruption.

Like his father, Kim had a fear of flying [ ] and always travelled by private armored train for state visits to Russia and China. Kim was said to be a huge film fan, owning a collection of more than 20, video tapes and DVDs. The last of these movies was the Godzilla -inspired epic Pulgasari , which Kim considered a masterpiece. Although Kim enjoyed many foreign forms of entertainment, according to former bodyguard Lee Young Kuk , he refused to consume any food or drink not produced in North Korea, with the exception of wine from France.

Kim reportedly enjoyed basketball. United States Special Envoy for the Korean Peace Talks, Charles Kartman, who was involved in the Madeleine Albright summit with Kim, characterised Kim as a reasonable man in negotiations, to the point, but with a sense of humor and personally attentive to the people he was hosting. The field of psychology has long been fascinated with the personality assessment of dictators, a notion that resulted in an extensive personality evaluation of Kim.

The report, compiled by Frederick L. Coolidge and Daniel L. Segal with the assistance of a South Korean psychiatrist considered an expert on Kim's behavior , concluded that the "big six" group of personality disorders shared by dictators Adolf Hitler , Joseph Stalin and Saddam Hussein sadistic , paranoid , antisocial , narcissistic , schizoid and schizotypal were also shared by Kim — coinciding primarily with the profile of Saddam Hussein.

The evaluation found that Kim appeared to pride himself on North Korea's independence, despite the extreme hardships it appears to place on the North Korean people — an attribute appearing to emanate from his antisocial personality pattern. Defectors claimed that Kim had 17 different palaces and residences all over North Korea, including a private resort near Baekdu Mountain , a seaside lodge in the city of Wonsan , and Ryongsong Residence , a palace complex northeast of Pyongyang surrounded with multiple fence lines, bunkers and anti-aircraft batteries.

The Sunday Telegraph reported that most of the money was in banks in Luxembourg. Kim received numerous titles during his rule. According to North Korean sources, Kim published some works during a period of his career from June to June At least , copies of [Kim Jong Il's works] were translated into nearly 70 languages and came off the press in about 80 countries in the new century.

There were more than activities for studying and distributing the works in at least countries and regions in The following year witnessed a total of more than events of diverse forms in at least countries and regions. And saw at least 3, functions held in over countries and regions for the same purpose. In his teens and university years, Kim had written poems.

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Referat kim jong il biography

In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikinews Wikiquote Wikidata item. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 28 January Leader of North Korea from to For the South Korean long jumper, see Kim Jong-il long jumper. In this Korean name , the family name is Kim. Eternal General Secretary. Hong Il-chon. Kim Young-sook. Central institution membership.

Other offices held. Early life [ edit ]. Birth [ edit ]. Education [ edit ]. Ascension to power [ edit ]. Initial career [ edit ]. Heir apparent [ edit ]. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

July Learn how and when to remove this message. Leader of North Korea [ edit ]. Economic policies [ edit ]. Foreign relations [ edit ]. Cult of personality [ edit ]. Main article: North Korean cult of personality. Human rights record [ edit ]. See also: Human rights in North Korea. Health and rumours of waning power [ edit ]. Successor [ edit ].

Re-election as leader [ edit ]. Late [ edit ]. Death [ edit ]. Main article: Death and state funeral of Kim Jong Il. Personal life [ edit ]. Family [ edit ]. Further information: Kim family North Korea. Personality [ edit ]. Finances [ edit ]. Official titles [ edit ]. Main article: List of Kim Jong Il's titles. Published works [ edit ].

Main article: Kim Jong Il bibliography. See also [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. It portrayed Choe in a positive light and emphasized her devotion to her husband. Kim Il Sung disapproved of it and implied that it exhibited misplaced loyalty. References [ edit ]. Citations [ edit ]. Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August Retrieved 8 August Ministry of Unification.

Retrieved 7 November Collins English Dictionary: Complete and Unabridged 12th ed. HarperCollins Publishers. Archived from the original on 4 October Retrieved 22 March — via The Free Dictionary. Kim Jong Il and North Korea: the leader and the system. Strategic Studies Institute. OCLC Retrieved 26 June Inside the red box : North Korea's post-totalitarian politics.

Columbia University Press. ISBN Kim Jong Il's leadership of North Korea. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. Archived PDF from the original on 12 June Retrieved 9 May The Chosun Ilbo. Archived from the original on 11 March Retrieved 19 February Sheets, Lawrence 12 February Archived from the original on 14 March Retrieved 15 September Archived from the original on 8 January Retrieved 19 December BBC News.

Archived from the original on 18 February Retrieved 28 December Green eds. Research Center for Peace and Unification. Archived from the original on 25 November Retrieved 25 November Hankyoreh Shinmun. October Asia Times. Archived from the original on 13 June Leaders and their followers in a dangerous world: the psychology of political behavior.

Cornell University Press. Hassig North Korea through the Looking Glass. Brookings Institution Press. Archived from the original on 4 August Retrieved 7 March Martin's Press. Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 4 April Retrieved 4 April Archived from the original on 17 April The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 February Our Nation School.

Translated by Jinna Park. Retrieved 4 August Journal of Modern Science. ISSN Daily NK. Archived from original on 13 August Retrieved 23 January The North Korean news agency reported Kim participated in national elections in March and was unanimously elected to a seat in the Supreme People's Assembly, the North Korean parliament. The assembly will vote later to confirm him as chairman of the National Defense Commission.

In the report, it was said Kim cast his ballot at the Kim Il Sung University and later toured the facility and talked to a small group of people. Kim's health was watched closely by other countries because of his volatile nature, the country's possession of nuclear weapons, and its precarious economic condition. Kim also had no apparent successors to his regime, as did his father.

His three sons spent most of their lives outside the country and none seemed to be in the favor of the "Dear Leader" to ascend to the top spot. Many international experts believed that when Kim died, there would be mayhem because there seemed to be no apparent method for a transfer of power. But due to the North Korean government's predilection for secrecy, this was too hard to know.

In , however, news reports revealed that Kim planned to name his son, Kim Jong Un as his successor. Very little was known about Kim's heir apparent; until , only one officially confirmed photo of Jong Un existed, and not even his official birthdate had been revealed. The twenty-something was officially confirmed in September Kim Jon-Il died December 17, , of a heart attack while traveling on a train.

Media reports say the leader was on a work trip for official duties. Kim is said to be survived by three wives, three sons and three daughters. Other reports claim he has fathered 70 children, most of whom are housed in villas throughout North Korea. His son, Kim Jong Un, is reported to take up leadership, and the military pledged to support Jong Un's succession.

We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! The First Family on Inauguration Day. Donald Trump. JD Vance. Jimmy Carter. Justin Trudeau. Early Life Kim Jong Il was born on February 16, , though official accounts place his birth a year later. Foreign Aid and Nuclear Testing It is important to understand that much of Kim Jong Il's persona is based on a cult of personality, meaning that legend and official North Korean government accounts describe his life, character, and actions in ways that promote and legitimize his leadership.

Failing Health There have been many reports and claims regarding Kim Jong Il's health and physical condition. Watch Next. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below. Advancing his claim for legitimacy, Kim Jong Il was credited with having authored a number of "immortal classics. Juche is the application of nationalism and self-reliance to broad revolutionary principles.

DIU, allegedly formed by his father in at the age of 14, was claimed by Kim Jong Il to have been "a fresh start of the Korean Communist movement and the Korean revolution. This hidden agenda item is clearly shown in the introductory statement issued by the promoter of his publications, Pyongyang's Foreign Languages Publishing House, which read:.

The dear leader Comrade Kim Jong Il is working denying himself sleep and rest to inherit and complete brilliantly the revolutionary cause of Juche started by the great leader Comrade Kim Il-sung. He is the outstanding thinker and theoretician who has fully mastered the great leader's revolutionary ideas; he is the sagacious leader of our Party and people who is possessed of brilliant wisdom, unusual insight and refined art of leadership; and he is the real leader of the people who has unboundedly lofty virtues.

China played a role in helping promote Kim Jong Il's claim for legitimacy. In June of Kim Jong Il paid an unofficial, ten-day visit to China, which was followed by an invitation for a second official visit in These invitations were belated gestures by North Korea's allies to recognize the father-son political succession scheme while still officially disavowing a hereditary system in Communist politics.

Although Kim Jong Il's family life is shrouded in mystery, he is believed to have had two children as of the early s. This information was inadvertently revealed by Kim Il-sung to a visiting dignitary, the chairman of Japan's Socialist Party, when he told the latter that he had two grandchildren. This would have marked the first hereditary transfer of power in a Marxist, communist state.

Two months after his father's death, Kim Jong Il still had not been announced as the head of state and had not been seen in public. Rumored reasons for this included a struggle for political control and the observance of a mourning period by Kim. As of mid , Kim Jong Il was still waiting to receive the Presidency. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

January 8, Retrieved January 08, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. Kim Jong Il gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia.

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